Orbital control on cyclical organic matter accumulation in Early Silurian Longmaxi Formation shales     

Siding Jin  Hucheng Deng  Xing Zhu  Yan Liu  Sibing Liu  Meiyan Fu 《地学前缘(英文版)》2020,(2):533-545

High resolution(939 samples)total organic carbon content(TOC)analyses were conducted on the Shuanghe Section of^152.6 m in the Changning area,Sichuan Basin.The sampling section was divided into two units considering the distinct-different deposit environment and sediments accumulation rate.The lower part(Unit 1)and the peer part(Unit 2)with high resolution sample spacing(0.08–0.4 m)enables the identification of the precession cycle in two sedimentary sequences with distinct different sedimentary accumulation rate.MTM Power spectral analyses on untuned TOC series reveals significant peaks exceeding above the 95%confidence level and shows that both Unit 1 and Unit 2 have recorded Milankovitch cycles of 405 kyr long eccentricity,short eccentricity,obliquity and precession.The floating astronomical time scale(ATS)was constructed on the Shuanghe Section in the Early Silurian(~439.673–444.681 Ma),and which was calibrated by 405 kyr long eccentricity cycles.The total duration of the Wufeng and Longmaxi shales is 5.01 Myr.The floating ATS used for estimating the duration of the graptolite zones and each stage in the study interval.Finally,we postulated two models that could verify the linkage between orbital cycle and organic accumulation.To make sure whether productivity or preservation is the main factor that under long eccentricity control,the phase correlation between the obtained filtered signal and the theoretical orbital solution should be made clear in the further research.  相似文献   

臭氧及臭氧类高级氧化技术降解甲基对硫磷的效能          下载免费PDF全文

林存旺  许珊珊  项丰云  章小芳 《海洋开发与管理》2018,35(9):94-99

文章研究了臭氧及臭氧类高级氧化技术(AOPs-O3)在不同pH条件下降解甲基对硫磷(MP)的效能。结果表明,在pH 3~10的条件下(反应过程控制pH),单独臭氧化5min即可完全降解MP,但不同pH下化学耗氧量(COD)和有机磷的释放率差异明显。在pH为3.3,7.5和9.4的条件下单独臭氧30min后COD的去除率分别为55.17%,89.64%和93.10%,有机磷的释放率分别为16.33%,95.00%和99.99%。考虑酸性条件下可以规避碳酸盐的负面影响(特别是高浓度废水),利用O3/H2O2/Ti(IV)在pH 3.3条件下处理MP溶液,COD去除率和有机磷释放率分别达到89.64%和81.57%。相对法计算求得MP与O3和羟基自由基(·OH)的速率常数分别为31.98L·(mol·s)-1和7.488×109 L·(mol·s)-1。活性污泥法的测试结果表明,MP经O3/Ti(IV)/H2O2(pH=3.3)和O3(pH=9.4)可提升含MP废水的可生化性,但与培养液体系相比仍具有一定的毒性。  相似文献   

南极半岛邻近海域夏季POC分布特征及其影响因素          下载免费PDF全文

张一成  韩正兵  杨洋  潘建明  张海峰  李栋  赵军  朱秋红  范高晶  张海生 《极地研究》2020,32(1):47-59

海水中的颗粒有机碳(POC)与生物的生命过程、初级生产力关系密切,是海洋食物链中重要的物质基础和能量来源,因此POC的分布特征可以有效反映其生物地球化学环境。利用中国第33次南极考察期间(2016年12月至2017年1月)在南极半岛邻近海域采集的海水颗粒物样品,研究POC的空间分布特征及其影响因素。结果表明,斯科舍海0—200 m的POC浓度范围为7.44—193.52μg·L~(-1),平均浓度为(48.84±35.09)μg·L~(-1);南斯科舍海岭0—200 m的POC浓度范围为9.13—62.17μg·L~(-1),平均浓度为(29.76±14.12)μg·L~(-1);鲍威尔海盆0—200 m的POC浓度范围为5.87—270.72μg·L~(-1),平均浓度为(48.57±38.92)μg·L~(-1)。表层POC高值出现在斯科舍海区和鲍威尔海盆区,而低值出现在海岭区,与叶绿素a(Chla)的变化趋势一致,与营养盐的变化趋势相反。垂向分布上,各个区域POC平均浓度随深度的增加而减少,鲍威尔海盆和斯科舍海POC最高值都出现在25 m层。分析结果表明光合浮游植物是研究海域POC的主要来源, POC的主要影响因素为温度、水团混合以及海冰环境。斯科舍海与鲍威尔海盆整体非生命POC占比高,可能是由于高磷虾生物量、海冰碎屑以及陆源输入的干扰;南斯科舍海岭整体非生命POC占比低。  相似文献   

Changes in air pollutants during the COVID-19 lockdown in Beijing:Insights from a machine-learning technique and implications for future control policy          下载免费PDF全文

Jiabao Hu  Yuepeng Pan  Yuexin He  Xiyuan Chi  Qianqian Zhang  Tao Song  Weishou Shen 《大气和海洋科学快报》2021,14(4):63-69

基于2015-2020年北京35个环境空气站和20个气象站观测资料,应用机器学习方法(随机森林算法)分离了气象条件和源排放对大气污染物浓度的影响.结果发现,为应对疫情采取的隔离措施使北京2020年春节期间大气污染物浓度降低了35.1％-51.8％;其中,背景站氮氧化物和一氧化碳浓度的降幅最大,超过了以往报道较多的交通站点.同时,2020年春节期间的气象条件不利于污染物扩散,导致多次霾污染事件发生.为进一步改善北京空气质量,未来需要优化减排策略.  相似文献   

工业部门污染物治理协同控制温室气体效应评价——基于重庆市的实证分析     

王敏  冯相昭  杜晓林  吴莉萍  赵梦雪  王鹏  安祺 《气候变化研究进展》2021,17(3):296-304

以高能耗为主要特征的工业部门是大气污染物和温室气体的重要排放源。为推动协同管控,文中结合生态环境部在重庆市组织开展的试点工作,对工业企业NOx污染治理协同控制温室气体的效应进行了量化分析。结果表明,以末端治理为手段的NOx治理措施协同控制温室气体的效果为负,即工业企业去除1 t NOx会直接或间接增加CO₂排放1.811 t,采用SNCR技术且选择氨水等非尿素类脱硝剂有助于减少工艺过程和电力间接CO₂排放。2017年工业企业NOx减排导致CO₂排放增加52.57万t,占重庆市能源活动CO₂排放总量的0.3%。电力碳排放因子降低1%和降低5%情景下,NOx减排的总协同度将分别提高0.9%和4.3%,尤以水泥制造业的协同效果改善最明显。减少尿素使用和提高电力低碳化程度有助于降低工业领域NOx减排对CO₂排放的负协同效果。  相似文献   

典型矿区尾矿库特征污染物识别研究          下载免费PDF全文

任鸿飞  杨家林  马彤真 《探矿工程》2018,45(10):115-118

通过对典型尾矿库土壤样品分析,利用重金属超标率、植物体BCF、污染因子的权重值筛选等通进行典型污染物识别,为开展尾矿库污染治理工作提供依据。  相似文献   

Geochemistry of organic matter and elements of black shale during weathering in Northern Guizhou,Southwestern China: Their mobilization and inter-connection     

Xuan Tang  Jinchuan Zhang  Yang Liu  Chao Yang  Qian Chen  Wei Dang  Panwang Zhao 《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2018,78(1):140-151

Different from previous studies on effect of weathering upon geochemical variation along a single weathered profile, this paper provides a new methodology validated by comparing a weathered outcrop samples and their stratigraphic counterpart un-weathered core samples in a nearby shallow borehole. This outcrop and borehole penetrated the Ordovician-Silurian Wufeng–Longmaxi shales, located in the same anticline structure in the northern part of Guizhou Province, Southern China. The mineral composition, major, trace and rare earth elements (REEs) composition and Rock-Eval parameters of outcrop and core samples were analyzed and compared. Organic matter (OM) was observed in the microscope and extracted for elements analysis. The results show that short-term weathering still has significant influence on OM, mineral and elemental composition of black shales. The elements composition shows the outcrop profile was moderately weathered. The REEs compositions do not alter much during weathering process and the REEs composition and their relative ratios still are valid for rock origin determination. The OM, mainly composed by graptolite and bitumen, even entering the highly-over thermal maturity, is still sensitive to the weathering with a systematic loss 30–50% of TOC along the outcrop profile, which suggests that the OM consumption is predominantly controlled by weathering duration and the distance from the weathering surface. In turn, OM has significant influence on the trace elements transportation behavior during weathering. Some trace elements associated with the OM such as V, Cr, Th, U, Ni and Co, change significantly in their absolute concentration during weathering, but their relative ratios do not necessarily change too much and might be still reliable proxies for paleo-environmental determination. The mobility of shale minerals during weathering is in the following order: plagioclase?>?potassium feldspar and dolomite >pyrite and OM. Short-term weathering can also result in considerable transportation of elements and significant variation of minerals content in black shale, which may pose potentially high environmental and engineering risk in the regions rich in black shale.  相似文献   

基于多指标综合评分法筛选地表水环境优先污染物——以湖北涨渡湖为例     

丁琪琪  龚雄虎  王兆德  金苗  卢少勇  张路  赵中华 《湖泊科学》2022,34(1):90-107

人类活动和社会经济迅速发展导致大量化学品排放进入地表水环境,对水生生态系统和人类健康产生诸多不利影响,如何从众多的化学品中筛选识别出具有潜在危害的优先污染物是水污染治理和管控的关键.本研究基于污染物环境暴露水平、持久性、生物累积性、生态风险和人体健康风险5个评价参数,构建多指标综合评分法定量筛选识别地表水环境优先污染物类别,并应用于涨渡湖水体中优先污染物清单的建立.污染物环境暴露水平基于靶向分析综合考虑了污染物环境实测浓度和检出频率.目标污染物持久性和生物累积性毒害性参数分别采用生物降解系数和正辛醇-水分配系数来表征.此外在物种敏感度分布法和评估因子法的基础上计算生态风险熵以定量表征生态风险,人体健康风险则由终生致癌风险指数或危害指数来表征.基于该多指标综合评分法可于涨渡湖水体7类151种特征污染物中筛查出41种优先污染物,主要包括11种多氯联苯、8种有机氯农药、6种多环芳烃、4种邻苯二甲酸酯、4种挥发性有机物和8种金属元素.鉴于不同地表水环境污染状况不同,通过多指标综合评分法可建立因地制宜的优先污染物清单,从而有利于形成以保护水生生物和人类健康为最终目标的优先污染物水质基准,为地表水环境污染物管控及治理提供方法学支撑和科学依据.  相似文献   

Sorption and desorption behavior of residual antidepressants and caffeine in freshwater sediment and sewage sludge   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Ismael Laurindo Costa Junior  Christiane Schinneider Machado  Adelmo Lowe Pletsch  Yohandra Reyes Torres 《国际泥沙研究》2022,37(3):346-354

The use of antidepressants is widespread in modern times. Thus, they present a potential risk for ecosystems due to occurrence in domestic sewage containing unaltered metabolites and structures, even after the treatment plants have processed the sewage. The current research investigated the sorption and desorption of antidepressants(citalopram, venlafaxine, fluoxetine, sertraline, and amitriptyline) and caffeine from freshwater sediment and sewage sludge. The samples of freshwater sediment were ...  相似文献   

气相色谱-三重四极杆质谱法测定地下水中44种有机物污染物     

余蕾  张小毅 《岩矿测试》2021,(3):365-374

地下水中有机氯、多环芳烃、邻苯二甲酸酯等半挥发性有机污染物对生态环境和人体健康带来潜在威胁,开发高效、准确、快速的检测方法具有现实意义。通过液液萃取、固相萃取等方式将水中有机污染物分类萃取,利用气相色谱、气相色谱-质谱、液相色谱-质谱等方法测定,不能在满足低检出限的同时测定多种类别有机污染物。本文建立了一种改进的QuECHERS方法,即在水样中加入少量有机溶剂振荡后直接取有机相,无需净化,利用灵敏度更高的气相色谱-三重四极杆质谱仪多反应监测模式(MRM)进行定性、内标法定量,实现了44种有机污染物的同时测定。实验优化了质谱条件,对比了不同溶剂的提取效果以及传统方法和QuECHERS的优缺点。结果表明:44种有机物在1～200μg/L范围内线性关系良好,各有机物的检出限和回收率均满足要求。本方法具有前处理简单、检出限低、邻苯二甲酸酯类本底低、多类有机物同时测定等优点,可应用于地下水中痕量有机物的测定和评估。  相似文献